Hudson's Bay Company Research

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Beaver Currency Tokens Hudson's Bay Co McLachlan Canadian Antiquarian V2 N1 Jan 1892.pdf

HBC Armorial Bearings Gingras CN Journal 1966.pdf

Hudson's Bay Company Medal John Ford Stacks.pdf

Hudson's Bay Research.pdf

Medals of the Hudson's Bay Company Larry Gingras.pdf

Medals and Tokens of the HBC Gingras The Beaver Summer 1968.pdf

Medals Tokens and Paper Money Hudson's Bay Company Larry Gingras.pdf

Souvenir Coins of the Far West 1950-1955 R C Bell.pdf


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Hudson's Bay Company entries from the Canadian Numismatic Bibliography

Author

Description

Beaver

The Beaver - prior to 1933 this Hudson’s Bay Company publication was not intended to circulate outside of the Company. As such, issues prior to that date contained very little in the way of historical information and were intended more as an informal staff bulletin rather than as a magazine. After 1933, the editors began publishing articles of historical importance including the occasional numismatic subject

BOWMAN, FRED

Synopsis of Fred Bowman’s Encyclopedia of Canadian Numismatics 

 

This volume contains entries pertaining to: French Regime coinage; Franco-American Jetons; playing-card currency; the Hudson’s Bay Company and other fur traders’ tokens, medals, and scrip; Indian Chief medals; copper-plate money; and wampum

 

Volume 2 : French Regime - Indian - Fur Trade

ANONYMOUS

*<<Our illustration>>. – CA : Vol. 11, no. 4 (April 1883). – p. 180, ill. – illustration of the Hudson’s Bay Company ½ N.B. (sic for ‘Made Beaver’) token which was issued c1857. Includes a brief historical background

McLACHLAN, ROBERT WALLACE

*<<“Beaver currency” tokens of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CA : 2nd Series, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1892). – p. 1 - 6, ill. – background and catalogue of the East Main ‘made beaver’ tokens which were issued c1857

HOOPER, JOSEPH

<<Hooper’s restrikes (Hudson’s Bay Company tokens)>>. – Num : Vol. 12, no. 7 (July 1899). – p. 166 - 167

ANONYMOUS

*<<Hudson’s Bay Company tokens>>. – SNC : Vol. 11 (1903). – p. 885

GILBERT, JAMES HENRY

Trade and early currency in Oregon : a study in the commercial and monetary history of the Pacific Northwest. – —— : —— , 1907. – 126 p. – a concise economic and numismatic history of the region from the days of the fur trade when the Hudson’s Bay Company dominated the territory. Also includes details of other fur companies and beaver money. Continues through to the period of the gold rush including details of private territorial gold coins and Oregon banknotes

HAMILTON, BASIL GEORGE

<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company one dollar trade token>>. – Num : Vol. 27, no. 9 (Sep. 1914). – p. 447

ANONYMOUS

<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company tokens - their value in trade>>. – MNM : Vol. 10, no. 11 (Nov. 1919). – p. 143. – the author establishes the ‘commercial’ or ‘face’ value of the East Main ‘one made beaver’ token as fifty cents and the value of the smaller tokens in similar proportions

ANONYMOUS

<<Issues in gold for the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – MNM : Vol. 10, no. 9 (Sep. 1919). – p. 110. – the author states that gold pieces which were supposedly issued by the Hudson’s Bay Company were, in fact, fabrications which were produced by a speculator (possibly from Montreal) who was also responsible for producing other fantasy pieces. He seems to know the identity of the culprit but does not divulge this information. Strangely, it seems that these pieces were very familiar to early 20th century collectors but they are completely unknown today

SCHOOLING, WILLIAM, SIR

Governor and company of adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay during 250 years, 1670 - 1920. – London, England : Hudson’s Bay Company, 1920. – 129, (10) p., ill. – a detailed history profusely illustrated with drawings and photographs of the Charter, tokens, paper money and maps associated with this historic Canadian firm

McKENZIE, N.M.W.

Men of the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1670 A.D. – 1920. – Fort William : —— , 1921. – 214 p.

SORENSEN, M.

*<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company and its currency>>. – Num : Vol. 34, no. 4 (April 1921). – p. 138 - 141, ill. – a fine overview of the history of the Hudson’s Bay Company and fur trading in the Pacific Northwest. Includes details of various tokens and other currencies used by the trading posts in their transactions with the Indians. Reprinted in Hoch (1974), p. 219 - 222

BUTLER, WILLIAM

*<<Currency of the Hudson’s Bay Co.>>. – Num : Vol. 36, no. 7 (July 1923). – p. 314 - 315. – an overview of the tokens issued by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Reprinted from the Montreal Star

HAMILTON, BASIL GEORGE

*<<More about the Hudson [sic] Bay Company>>. – Num : Vol. 36, no. 9 (Sep. 1923). – p. 399 - 400

BODDINGTON, JACK

<<Wreck of the M.S. Lady Kindersley (Hudson’s Bay Co.) , Aug. 31, 1924>>. – MCC : Vol. 182 (1995). – p. 311 - 314. – an account of the medals awarded for the rescue of the Lady Kindersley in 1924

ANONYMOUS 

*<<Hudson Bay "blankets">>. – Num : Vol. 37, no. 1 (Jan. 1924). – p. 25, ill. – an interesting article concerning the world-famous blankets manufactured by the Hudson’s Bay Company which held great worth with the Indians. It is not known whether these blankets actually traded among the Indians with an ‘implied’ intrinsic value

MacKAY, DOUGLAS

*<<Tokens, coins and scrip; notes on Hudson’s Bay Company’s fur trading currency>>. – CBA : Vol. 44 (July 1937). – p. 401 – 407

LEES, WILLIAM ANDREW DICKSON

<<Hudson’s Bay Company beaver tokens>>. – Canadian Science Digest : Vol. 1 (Aug. 1938). – —— : —— , 1938. – p. 236 - 237

ALLEN, H.T. 

<<Hudson [sic] Bay Trading Co.>>. – NZNJ (June - Aug. 1948). – p. – a brief history of the Hudson’s Bay Company and the tokens that they issued for trading purposes

FERGUSON, J. DOUGLAS

*<<Canadian coin notes>>. – CCJ : Vol. 15, no. 1 (Jan. - Feb. 1948). – p. 16 - 17. – brief notes on: fox skin money of the Hudson’s Bay Company; minor varieties of Canadian tokens; and the authority for the issuance of the silver dollar

ANONYMOUS

<<Leather, skins of animals as money>>. – KC&C : (Nov. 1948). – p. ? – a history of the use of leather and animal skins as a medium of exchange from biblical times to the British North American colonial period. Includes a comment that most transactions conducted by the Hudson’s Bay Company were done using pelts as the unit of currency

FERGUSON, J. DOUGLAS

missing<<Canadian coin notes>>. – CCJ : Vol. 15, no. 6 (Nov. - Dec. 1948). – p. 129 - 130. – brief notes on: Canadian pattern cents of 1943; the ‘Maple Leaf’ coins of 1948; new obverse dies for Canadian coins; war medals; Zimmerman’s Bank; and the Hudson's Bay Company Museum in Winnipeg

GERBER, E.C.

*<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company’s coins and currency>>. – NSM : Vol. 15, no. 5 (April 1949). – p. 297 - 302, ill. – a detailed illustrated account of the various monies used by the Hudson’s Bay Company at various locations. Includes a listing of the value of various trade goods specified in numbers of ‘Made Beaver’ pelts

ANONYMOUS

*<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company’s coins and currency>>. – C.N.A. BULLETIN : Vol. 2, no. 1 (January / February 1951

CURTO, FREDERICK J.

*Indian and post trader tokens : our frontier coinage (a paper presented to the 1951 A.N.A. convention). – Num : Vol. 64, no. 9 (Sep. 1951). – p. 930 - 950. – an important survey of fur-trade related pieces including: the Hudson’s Bay Company tokens and currency; the North West Company token; and the Beaver Club medal

ANONYMOUS

Sir Patrick Ashley Cooper. – Beaver : Outfit 283 (Dec. 1952). – p. 46. – a short outline of Cooper’s career upon his retirement as Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company. The Patrick Ashley Cooper medal was struck on the occasion of his 1934 visit to the Company’s arctic posts

HAMILTON, BASIL GEORGE

<<Interesting account of the Hudson [sic] Bay Company brass tokens>>. – CNB : Vol. 5, no. 4 (April 1954). – p. 13 - 14. – an account of the ‘East Main Made Beaver’ tokens used by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Reprinted from the Ottawa Free Press (Oct. 29, 1898)

GALBRAITH, JOHN S.

Little Emperor. – Beaver : Outfit 291 (Winter 1960). – p. 22 - 28, ill. – includes a short biography of Sir George Simpson [c1786 - 1860] who was the Governor-in-Chief of the Hudson’s Bay Company territories. Illustrations include the obverse of the George Simpson medal which was struck on the occasion of the centennial of his visit to Fort St. James, British Columbia in 1828

GINGRAS, LARRY

*<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Lady Kindersley medals>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 11, no. 11 (Nov. 1960). – p. 407 - 401, ill. – an excellent account of the medals issued to individuals involved in the rescue of the schooner ‘Lady Kindersley’ on August 10, 1924. Reprinted in CNRS : Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 56 - 60 and CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 205 - 208

ANONYMOUS

*<<Hudson's Bay Tokens Used For Many Years As Currency Supplement>>. – Coin World August 25, 1961

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Coins of Canada : chapter XI, coins for the Northwest and British Columbia>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 6, no. 11 (Nov. 1961). – p. 458 - 462, ill. – continuation of Willey’s authoritative survey of Canadian coins. This section gives details on coins and tokens circulating in the Pacific Northwest including: the North West Company token; Hudson’s Bay Company tokens; currency of the native Indians; and the British Columbia $10 and $20 patterns. Corrections in CNJ : Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 152 - 153

CAMPBELL, MARJORIE WILKINS

McGillivray, Lord of the Northwest. ­ Vancouver : Clarke, Irwin, 1962. ­ 337 p., ill. ­ this text is extremely important for anyone who may be interested in the Hudson’s Bay Company, the North West Company and the fur trading business in general. The McGillivrays (William, Donald and Duncan) played a prominent role in the management of the North West Company and appear (in varying degrees) to have directed the feud with Lord Selkirk which eventually led to the firm’s amalgamation with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821. [Ed. note: Many people - including the author - contend that the McGillivrays were merely defending the North West Company against Selkirk’s prolonged assaults on the firm’s staff, posts and possessions. However, hindsight suggests that this feud was merely an extension of historical tensions between Britain and Scotland and that all of the parties concerned were equally combative]

HILL, LESLIE C.

<<History and medals of the Hudson’s Bay Co’s SS Beaver>>. – VNS : Second Series Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1962). – p. 3 - 5. – a brief history of the vessel as well as an authoritative listing of the three types of original medals ordered by Charles W. McCain to commemorate the shipwreck in 1888 and imitations which subsequently appeared in various metals

FAULKNER, CHRIS J.

*<<Trade goods and the made beaver tokens>>. – VNS : Second Series Vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 1963). – p. 3. – an interesting contemporary account of the importance of rum to a trading-post operation as well as the role played by the ‘made beaver’ as a unit of currency. For those interested in the fur trade in general or the Hudson’s Bay Company specifically two other brief accounts concerning the life of a trader are given on p. 2 of the same volume

HILL, LESLIE C.

<<Early medal of the Hudson’s Bay Co.>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 9, no. 3 (March 1964). – p. 96. – data on an Indian Chief medal distributed by the Hudson’s Bay Company to gain favour with Indian Chiefs over rival trading companies. A subsequent article was published in CNJ : Vol. 16, no. 7 and 8, p. 219 on possibly the same medal (listed in this article as LeRoux 490 and Br 181)

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<King of Baffin Land>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 9, no. 5 (May 1964). – p. 182. – biographical notes on William Ralph Parsons, Chief Factor of the Hudson’s Bay Company (1927) and Fur Trade Commissioner (1930), who was responsible for issuing copper and lead tokens for trading posts in the Canadian north

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Armorial bearings of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay>>. – CNRS : Vol. 1, no. 1 (Aug. 1965). – p. 29 - 31. – a brief history of the Hudson’s Bay Company with a particular emphasis on variations of the company’s Arms which are depicted on various medals which were issued by one of Canada’s most historic institutions. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 11, no. 8, p. 306 - 307, 324 and CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 198 - 200

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company 250th anniversary medals>>. – CNRS : Vol. 1, no. 4 (Oct. 1965). – p. 87 - 88, ill. – a brief history of medals issued in 1920 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the Royal Charter of the Hudson’s Bay Company, including the Long Service medal awarded to employees with 15 or more years of service

ANONYMOUS

<<[1966 C.N.A. convention medal]>>. – Canadian Numismatic Association souvenir program 13th annual convention. – Winnipeg : Manitoba Coin Club, Aug. 25 - 27, 1966. – p. 12, ill. – according to the author, Lower Fort Garry is the only fur-trading post which still remains intact (134 years after it was built by the Hudson’s Bay Company). This historic landmark is featured on the official 1966 C.N.A. convention medal

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort St. James medals>>. – CNRS : Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1966). – p. 8 - 9, ill. – an important article containing biographical notes on Sir George Simpson, the Governor of Rupert’s Land and a prominent figure in the development of Canada’s fur-trading operations, plus details of a medal issued in 1928 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Simpson’s visit to Fort St. James, British Columbia

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Long Service Medals>>. – CNRS : Vol. 2, no. 4 (Oct. 1966). – p. 48 - 53, ill. – history of silver and gold medals issued from 1920 (the 250th anniversary of the granting of the Charter of the Hudson’s Bay Company) onwards and presented to employees who had been with the company for fifteen years (silver medals) and thirty years (gold medals). For individuals with more than fifteen years but less than thirty years of service bars were subsequently issued for each period of five years over the fifteen required to receive the silver medal. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 94 - 96

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Patrick Ashley Cooper medal>>. – CNRS : Vol. 2, no. 3 (April 1966). – p. 39 - 41, ill. – documents the historic visit of the 30th Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1934 and the medal manufactured by Robert J. Orr which was issued to commemorate his voyage on the S.S. Nascopi from Montreal, Quebec to Churchill, Manitoba and then on to Winnipeg by train and aircraft. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 12, no. 12, p. 430 - 432 and CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 202 - 203

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Vancouver Pioneers’ Association medal>>. – CNRS : Vol. 2, no. 2 (April 1966). – p. 22 - 27, ill. – a fine history of the medal presented by the Hudson’s Bay Company to outstanding pioneers of the city of Vancouver from 1922 - 1928 with brief biographical notes on all of the recipients: Henry J. Cambie; Reverend Ebenezer Duncan McLaren; Alexander Morrison; Mrs. Angus C. Fraser; George Robertson Gordon; George Munro; and William David Burdis. Also see ‘Hill, Annabelle’ for a detailed biography of Mrs. Fraser

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Numismatics and the Canadian fur trade>>. – WNJ : Vol. 3, no. 12 (Dec. 1966). – p. 844 - 848. – an interesting account of the money, tokens and medals related to the Canadian fur trade. Includes commentary on the North West Company, Hudson's Bay Company and Vexator Canadiensis tokens

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Numismatics and the Canadian fur trade>>. – WNJ : Vol. 3, no. 12 (Dec. 1966). – p. 844 - 848. – an interesting account of the money, tokens and medals related to the Canadian fur trade. Includes commentary on the North West Company, Hudson's Bay Company and Vexator Canadiensis tokens

ANONYMOUS

<<Sherritt Mint medal for 1967>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 12, no. 11 (Nov. 1967). – p. 398 - 399, 404, ill. – a very fine article with biographical notes on Henry Kelsey (explorer and Hudson’s Bay Company fur trader) who is depicted on the medal issued by the Sherritt Mint to commemorate Canada’s Centennial

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Indian Chief peace medals>>. – CNRS : Vol. 3, no. 3 (July 1967). – p. 33 - 38, ill. – a superb history of medals distributed by the factors of the Hudson’s Bay Company to native Indian Chiefs in the late 18th and early 19th century to garner favour and extract exclusive trading rights in the expanding and highly-competitive fur trade. One genuine medal and three mules are discussed in detail. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 212 - 216

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Yorkton, Sask. tokens>>. – CNRS : Vol. 3, no. 4 (Oct. 1967). – p. 51 - 52, ill. – a brief article on the history of the Yorkton post and the tokens in use c1898. A hoard of these tokens was reported in CNJ : Vol. 18, no. 3, p. 78. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 18, no. 3, p. 77 - 78

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Proposed medal for the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CNRS : Vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 1967). – p. 11, ill. – an interesting account of the author’s meeting with Robert J. Orr, who manufactured the Patrick Ashley Cooper medal. The author discusses a medal design which was proposed to commemorate the historic meeting of two Hudson’s Bay Company vessels (the ‘Nascopi’ and the ‘Aklavik’) in the Bellot Straits on Sep. 1, 1937. The design is question was never used

HILL, ANNABELLE

<<Mrs. Angus C. Fraser 1850 - 1933>>. – VNS : Second Series Vol. 7, no. 4 (April. 1967). – p. 27 - 29, ill. – an extensive biography of Mrs. Fraser who was an early British Columbia pioneer and was a recipient of the Hudson’s Bay Company’s Vancouver Pioneers’ Association medal in 1925 for her dedication to community service

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s East Main District tokens in presentation cases>>. – CNRS : Vol. 4, no. 2 (April 1968). – p. 35. – the author recounts how approximately 100 ‘½ Made Beaver’ tokens were presented in special cases to passengers aboard the inaugural flight of the Trans-Canada Air Lines’ ‘Hudson’s Bay Route’ which opened in 1958. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 13, no. 8, p. 289

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s East Main District tokens in presentation cases>>. – CNRS : Vol. 4, no. 2 (April 1968). – p. 35. – the author recounts how approximately one hundred ‘½ Made Beaver’ tokens were presented in special cases to passengers aboard the inaugural flight of the Trans-Canada Air Lines’ ‘Hudson’s Bay Route’ which opened in 1958. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 13, no. 8, p. 289

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Medals and tokens of the H.B.C.>>. – Beaver : Outfit 299 (Summer 1968). – p. 36 - 43, ill. – a very concise history of the Hudson’s Bay Company with a particular emphasis on the economic and commercial factors which caused the firm to have to use tokens as part of their day-to-day business. Also includes details of several medals issued by the company to commemorate various events and historical individuals. The author later expanded his text for his booklet of 1975 but the illustrations in this article are better. Reprinted in CNRS : Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 59 - 63

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Medals and tokens of the H.B.C.>>. – Beaver : Outfit 299 (Summer 1968). – p. 36 - 43. – a very concise history of the Hudson’s Bay Company with a particular emphasis on the economic and commercial factors which caused the firm to have to use tokens as part of their day-to-day business. Also includes details of several medals issued by the company to commemorate various events and historical individuals. Reprinted in CNRS : Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 59 - 63

GINGRAS, LARRY

Medals of the Hudson’s Bay Company. – Richmond : Canadian Numismatic Research Society, 1968. – 54 p., ill. – a superb publication containing notes on: the Indian Chief medals; Long Service medals; commemorative medals; Vancouver Pioneers’ Association medals; M.S. Lady Kindersley Life-Saving medals with a detailed account of the ship’s voyage and the subsequent rescue attempt; Fort St. James (British Columbia) medals depicting a bust of Sir George Simpson; Patrick Ashley Cooper medal; the proposed (but unissued) S.S. Nascopi medal; as well as details of known mules which are often mistakenly identified and/or catalogued as genuine Indian Chief medals. These mules were produced by the infamous William Joseph Taylor who purchased numerous dies from the Soho Mint and subsequently manufactured several significant copies/restrikes - or I should say fakes - of Canadian tokens and medals

NICHOLS, PETER

<<Since the days of barter>>. – Num : Vol. 81, no. 12 (Dec. 1968). – p. 1569, ill. – a very fine history of the fur trade with illustrations of various tokens used by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Includes updated information on the relationship between the Hudson’s Bay Company and the native population in the 1950s and 1960s. Reprinted in Hoch (1974), p. 215 - 219

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Medals and tokens of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 14, no. 3 (March 1969). – p. 75 - 78. – a brief history of various medals, tokens and other forms of currency issued by the Hudson’s Bay Company

GINGRAS, LARRY

Paper money of the Hudson’s Bay Company. – Guelph : Canadian Numismatic Research Society, 1969. – 22 p., ill. – a well researched overview of the various series of promissory notes from York Factory and Fort Garry (Assiniboia) which were issued by the Hudson’s Bay Company from 1820 - 1870. The author also discusses cardboard notes which were issued into the 1920s for Laird Post and Fort Grahame in the British Columbia District. The author also includes a brief history of Canada’s oldest company which places these issues into their correct economic context

ANONYMOUS

<<Kamloops and District Coin Club 1970 commemorative medallion>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 15, no. 10 (Oct. 1970). – p. 280, ill. – a description of a medal which was issued to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of David Thompson. Thompson was employed by the Hudson’s Bay Company until 1797 when he left to join their main competitor, the North West Company. He was a noted surveyor, explorer and cartographer. He explored a significant portion of British Columbia and the State of Washington

CARPENTER, C.F.E.

<<Brief history of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CPMJ : Vol. 6 (1970). – p. 58 - 60, 78 - 79. – continued in CPMJ : Vol. 6, p. 92 - 93

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Notes on the North West Company token>>. – CNRS : Vol. 6, no. 2 (April 1970). – p. 21 - 24. – an outstanding article on the rare tokens which were issued by the North West Company in 1820. The author attempts to explain the reason for the token’s rarity - especially given that similar tokens from competing fur trading companies do not seem to be nearly as scarce. The author suggests that these tokens were first issued at Fort George (formerly Fort Astoria) and later at Fort Vancouver. This hypothesis is based upon inventories of the brass and copper pieces recorded at these two sites in Washington State. Unfortunately, he does not indicate whether he believes the tokens were used at any other North West Company trading posts - of which there were many. One interesting observation is that the Hudson’s Bay Company assigned the remaining tokens as having “no value” in 1826 after the merger of the North West and Hudson’s Bay companies. It is probably safe to assume that the remaining tokens were then subsequently destroyed or perhaps even recycled to become Hudson’s Bay tokens. Correction noted in CNRS : Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 56. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 15, no. 6, p. 178 - 182

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Pioneer recognition medals of the Canadian Confederation centennial committee of British Columbia>>. – CNRS : Vol. 7, no. 3 (July 1971). – p. 89 - 92. – a very fine article on the history of the committee formed by the Government of British Columbia to recommend the presentation of commemorative medals to those persons born in or a resident of British Columbia prior to 1892. Details of the medal itself are also provided. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 16, no. 12, p. 359 - 362

HONOUR, W. ARTHUR

<<Canada’s commemorative dollars : part 7 : 1970 - Manitoba>>. – VNS : Second Series Vol. 11, no. 8 (Oct. 1971). – p. 59 - 61. – a fine political overview of the territory now known as Manitoba from the period of the French Regime, through the fur trading era of the Hudson’s Bay Company up to the time of the Red River Settlements and the trial and execution of Thomas Scott by Louis Riel, who was leader of a provisional government. Coincidentally, Riel would subsequently be executed by the federal government for treason against the crown for his part in the North West Rebellion in 1885

MITCHELL, ERIC

<<Trade tokens in the Eastern Arctic>>. – CBA : Vol. 78, no. 5 (1971). – p. 22 - 24. – the author explains how tokens were used by the Hudson’s Bay Company in their fur trade operations. He also mentions that ‘decimal’ tokens were withdrawn c1960

GREENE, RONALD A.

<<Hudson [sic] Bay Company Yorkton, Sask>>. – CT : Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1973). – p. 7 - 8. – concerns the discovery of a hoard of tokens which were issued at the Hudson’s Bay Company’s post in Yorkton, Saskatchewan c1898. Up to the time of this discovery in Victoria, British Columbia these pieces were very rare. The author also discusses another rare five cent token from Yorkton which was issued by Poulter and Dunlop. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 18, no. 3, p. 78

ANONYMOUS

<<Hudson’s Bay Company history unfolds>>. – CPMJ : Vol. 10 (1974). – p. 64

DANIEL, FORREST W.

<<Hudson’s Bay Company paper money>>. – Paper Money (March 1974)

FERGUSON, J. DOUGLAS

<<Parsons’ tokens - Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CNRS : Vol. 11, no. 2 (April 1975). – p. 35 - 36, ill. – discusses an unusual token used by Hudson’s Bay Company trading posts at Wolstenholme, Northwest Territories and Lake Harbour (Baffin Island) from 1909 - 1918. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 4, p. 170 – 171

GINGRAS, LARRY

<<Tercentenary medals of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1975). – p. 5 - 7. – the author discusses three different types of medals issued to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the founding of this historic firm, including: one presented to Governor-General Roland Michener; those presented to staff and shareholders; and those which were for sale to the public. Also published in CNJ : Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 105 - 106

GINGRAS, LARRY

Medals, tokens and paper money of the Hudson’s Bay Company. – Espanola. : Canadian Numismatic Research Society, 1975. – 117 p., ill.

RINGER, DONALD F.

<<Seal skin buys Alaska>>. – NSM : Vol. 41, no. 2 (Feb. 1975). – p. 6 - 14. – the detailed story concerning the use of seal skins in commerce with an emphasis on the role played by the Hudson’s Bay Company and other Canadian companies in the seal skin trade

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Hudson’s Bay Company tokens of the Ungava District>>. – CNRS : Vol. 11, no. 2 (April 1975). – p. 42 - 44, ill. – a very fine article on the fur trading operations of the Hudson’s Bay Company in the St. Lawrence-Labrador District of Ungava (particularly the Ungava and Baffin Island trading posts established in the early 20th century) and the various tokens used at these posts. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 20, no. 6, p. 234 - 236

GOLDEN, RICHARD L.

<<Medicina in nummis : John McLoughlin - Canadian physician>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 21, no. 11 (Dec. 1976). – p. 442 - 443. – biographical notes on Dr. McLoughlin (a Canadian by birth) who was depicted on the U.S. 1925 half dollar commemorating the centennial of the founding of the city of Fort Vancouver, Washington. He also represented the North West Company in merger negotiations with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821. Also see ‘Whitefield, R.H.’ and brief notes contained in an article by Marvin Kay and Richard L. Golden published in CNJ : Vol. 36, no. 11, p. 406 – 407

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Reproductions of the H.B.C. made beaver tokens>>. – CNRS : Vol. 12, no. 1 (Jan. 1976). – p. 9 - 14, ill. – in order to commemorate the opening of historic Fort Edmonton, replicas of the Hudson’s Bay Company one ‘made beaver’ token were issued to individuals and groups who assisted in financing the project. A commemorative medal was also available for visitors to the site to purchase. Also published in CNJ : Vol. 21, no. 4, p. 177

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Reproductions of the H.B.C. made beaver tokens>>. – CNRS : Vol. 12, no. 1 (Jan. 1976). – p. 9 - 14, ill. – in order to commemorate the opening of historic Fort Edmonton, replicas of the Hudson’s Bay Company one ‘made beaver’ token were issued to individuals and groups who assisted in financing the project. A commemorative medal was also available for visitors to the site to purchase. Also published in CNJ : Vol. 21, no. 4, p. 177

NORMAN, MORRIS

<<Lamson and Hubbard Canadian Company Limited (H.B.C.)>>. – CT : Vol. 7, no. 3 (May 1978). – p. 36 - 37 + 1 plate – historical sketch of this token-issuing firm which was chartered in 1919. It competed with the Hudson's Bay Company until the latter bought up its assets in 1924. Lamson and Hubbard set up a river transportation system that was too large for its fur trading business which contributed to the company’s difficulties. Three tokens were issued in connection with the fur trade. The author states that only three or four complete sets of these tokens exist

PARKER. C.E.

<<"Bay's" own poster stamp album>>. – CT : Vol. 7, no. 4 (July 1978). – p. 54 + 1 plate – account of 1930s era stamps distributed by the Winnipeg Hudson’s Bay Company store, which could be redeemed for various goods

SMITH, DON J.

<<New Hudson's Bay Company token?>>. – CT : Vol. 8, no. 1 (Jan. 1979). – p. 11. – discusses the use of bubble gum as change because of a lack of cent coins at the Hudson’s Bay Company post at Kaskechewan, Ontario during the late 1970s

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Another Ralph Parsons’ mystery>>. – CNRS : Vol. 15, no. 3 (Fall 1979). – p. 71. – concerns the discovery of an unusual token - in the form of an 1867 English penny which had been cut into three parts and rejoined using thread and beads - which the author suggests may have been used at Parsons’ Hudson’s Bay Company trading posts in Labrador

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Numismatics of the Northwest Territories>>. – CNRS : Vol. 15, no. 1 (Jan. 1979). – p. 9 - 14, ill. – a listing of fur-trade related items and other tokens, medals, souvenir dollars and paper money which were issued for use in the Northwest Territories with the exception of those pieces which were issued specifically by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 24, no. 7, p. 306 - 310, CT : Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1 - 6 and CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 2, p. 76 - 79

BELL, R.C.

<<Souvenir coins of the far west 1950 - 1975>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 25, no. 5 (May 1980). – p. 154 - 161, ill. – a brief history of the settlement of the far west and northern regions of North America as well as a detailed catalogue of coins, commemorative medals and trade dollars issued by municipalities in those Canadian provinces and U.S. states covered. Includes interesting and often important historical notes on each location, event or personality depicted. Part II CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 6, p. 216 - 219; part III CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 7, p. 276 - 280; part IV CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 8, p. 332 - 337; part V CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 9, p. 391 - 394; part VI CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 10, p. 429 - 433 [note: this issue no. is incorrectly labelled on the cover as Vol. 26, no. 10]; part VII CNJ : Vol. 25, no. 11, p. 488 - 493 [note: this issue no. is incorrectly labelled on the cover as Vol. 26, no. 11]; part VIII CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 1, p. 61 - 66; part IX CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 1, p. 15 - 19; part X CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 2, p. 61 - 66; part XI CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 3, p. 115 - 118; part XII CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 4, p. 160 - 163; part XIII CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 5, p. 209 - 213; part XIV CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 6, p. 280 - 283; part XV CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 7, p. 328 - 331; part XVI CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 8, p. 362 - 365; part XVII CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 9, p. 426 - 427; part XVIII CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 10, p. 467 - 471; part XIX CNJ : Vol. 26, no. 11, p. 523 - 525; part XX CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 1, p. 12 - 14; part XXI CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 2, p. 62 - 64; part XXII CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 3, p. 112 - 115; part XXIII CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 4, p. 186 - 189; part XXIV CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 5, p. 218 - 221; part XXV : CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 6, p. 284 - 286; part XXVI : CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 7, p. 326 - 327; part XXVII CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 8, p. 366 - 368; part XXVIII CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 9, p. 424 - 426; part XXIX CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 10, p. 480 - 483; part XXX CNJ : Vol. 27, no. 11, p. 526 - 527; part XXXI CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 1, p. 16 - 20; part XXXII CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 2, p. 68 - 71; part XXXIII CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 3, p. 128 - 129; part XXXIV CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 4, p. 184 - 186; part XXXV CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 5, p. 228 - 230; part XXXVI CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 6, p. 276 - 278; part XXXVII CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 7, p. 332 - 335; part XXVIII CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 8, p. 372 - 374; part XXXIX CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 9, p. 434 - 438; part XL CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 10, p. 494 - 497; part XLI CNJ : Vol. 28, no. 11, p. 526 - 530; part XLII CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 1, p. 20 - 21; part XLIII CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 2, p. 82 - 87; part XLIV CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 3, p. 124 - 128; part XLV CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 4, p. 164 - 168; part XLVI CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 5, p. 218 - 222; part XLVII CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 6, p. 274 - 281; part XLVIII CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 7, p. 314 - 318; part XLIX CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 8, p. 380 - 385; part L CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 9, p. 426 - 431; part LI CNJ : Vol. 29, no. 10, p. 461 - 463 (concerning Robert Louis Stevenson’s journey across America in 1879); part LII CNJ : Vol. 30, no. 1, p. 35 - 39 (contains details of the Hudson’s Bay Company and an extensive bibliography). Corrections and notes are published in CNJ : Vol. 30, no. 3, p. 140 - 141

KAGIN, DONALD H.

Private gold coins and patterns of the United States. – New York : Arco Publishing, 1981. – xxiv, (2), 406 p., ill. – although concerned exclusively with gold coins issued by private individuals and companies from the United States, this book will also be of interest to anyone interested either in the gold rush or the old west. Includes several interesting references to the Hudson’s Bay Company. It should be reviewed by anyone interested in the history of this esteemed organization. One such comment includes a notation that the Company declined an offer in the early 1840s to purchase the territory and equipment held by the Russian-American Company which was in the fur trade in Northern California. After several unsuccessful attempts to sell-out to other fur-trade companies, this territory was eventually sold to John Sutter for the tidy sum of $50,000. Of course, Sutter soon discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill and this sparked the California Gold Rush and - to a great extent - the western expansion of the United States. Imagine how different a map of North America would look today had the Hudson’s Bay Company not declined the offer to purchase this land

SWIATEK, ANTHONY ; BREEN, WALTER

Encyclopedia of United States silver and gold commemorative coins 1892 to 1954. – New York : F.C.I. Press, 1981. – xxi, (1), 362 p., ill. – the most authoritative text written on this series before the publication of Q. David Bowers’ much more substantial reference in 1991. The text is presented in a curious detective-like fashion and the pieces are listed in a pseudo-alphabetical sequence. The commentary often includes what can only be called sarcastic, snide or flippant remarks; perhaps these were the author’s feeble attempts to be humorous or ironic. One of the pieces listed is the 1925 Fort Vancouver (Washington) fifty cent coin depicting Dr. John McLoughlin. McLoughlin - a Canadian by birth - was a prominent figure with both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company. He also played an important role in the settlement and administration of the Oregon Territory in the 1820s

ANONYMOUS

<<Hudson’s Bay Company paper money>>. – Numismatic Ottawa : an anthology of articles from the City of Ottawa Coin Club bulletin, published in honour of J. Douglas Ferguson for Coin Week Canada, 1982. – Edited by R. Paul Nadin-Davis and Frank Fesco. – Ottawa : City of Ottawa Coin Club, 1982. – p. 79 - 80. – brief historical notes on the Hudson’s Bay Company with a particular emphasis on a promissory note issued by York Factory on 15 November, 1820

ASTWOOD, JAMES W.

<<Tokens and paper money of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 27, no. 10 (Nov. 1982). – p. 462 - 467, ill. – a very fine history of the operations of the Hudson’s Bay Company and the various issues of trade tokens and paper money that were used by this historic firm from the early 1800s to the 1960s. Reprint of a speech presented at the 1982 Canadian Numismatic Association convention in Winnipeg, Manitoba

IRWIN, ROSS W.

<<Only "numismatic" item acquired by the editor at the C.N.A.>>. – CNRS : Vol. 18, no. 3 (Fall 1982). – p. 55, ill. – illustration of a coupon issued by The Bay (Hudson’s Bay Company) which was redeemable only on July 17, 1982

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<H.B.C. [Hudson’s Bay Company] Adventurer medal>>. – CT : Vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1982). – p. 20. – description of the medal and details of its production in 1976

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<H.B.C. [Hudson’s Bay Company] board meeting medal>>. – CT : Vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1982). – p. 15. – describes medals distributed at the firm's first board meeting in the Canadian North, held at Yellowknife, Northwest Territories in 1974. Production and distribution details are included

VALE, CHARLES S.

<<Hudson’s Bay Company 1670 - 2nd May - 1920 : souvenir of the 250th anniversary dinner to the London Staff, Charles S. Vale, Deputy Governor in the chair>>. – CNRS : Vol. 18, no. 2 (Summer 1982). – p. 42 - 49, ill. – reproduction of a publication presented on May 3, 1920 to employees and guests at the 250th anniversary dinner held at Prince’s Hotel, St. James St., London, S.W. Includes a superb history of the first Long Service medals awarded by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1920 including a full medal roll of recipients with their individual years of service noted respectively. Also includes the full text of the speech presented by Deputy-Governor Vale

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Colonial coinages of Canada : part XXVII, Hudson Bay and the west>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 27, no. 10 (Nov. 1982). – p. 468 - 469, ill. – a very brief section on the various tokens (particularly the ‘made beaver’ series) used by the Hudson’s Bay Company in their trading posts on the Pacific Northwest. It is noteworthy that the author has chosen to exclude the token issued by the North West Company which was the Hudson’s Bay Company’s largest rival in the territory until the two firms merged in 1821

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Colonial coinages of Canada : [appendix C], doubtful coinages>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 28, no. 2 (Feb. 1983). – p. 60 - 67, ill. – the author lists a number of coins and tokens which have previously been considered as Canadian but which he indicates do not properly belong in the Canadian series - most notable in this listing is the North West Company token of 1820, which the author strangely attributes to the United States despite the fact that the company was based in Montreal and eventually merged with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Beaver preserve tokens>>. – CNRS : Vol. 20, no. 1 (Spring 1984). – p. 17 - 19, ill. – an interesting account of the beaver fur trade including a scheme, initiated in the 1850s by James Watt of the Rupert’s House trading post, to protect the beaver from over-trapping. The tokens were attached to beaver skins taken from the sanctuary when controlled harvesting began c1939. The ‘Rupert House Beaver Preserve’ was successively managed by the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Quebec Provincial Government who issued tokens to help fund the preserve. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 30, no. 2, p. 87 - 90; CT : Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 48 - 50; and CT : Vol. 21, p. 111 - 113

BANNING, EDWARD B.

<<Cache and bury : the archaeology of numismatics>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 31, no. 11 (Dec. 1986). – p. 473 - 485, ill. – an intriguing article intended to alert collectors to the importance of physical evidence obtained from archaeological sites versus documentary evidence from contemporary texts. The author discusses a variety of numismatic items including: French Regime coins; the Lesslie twopence; tokens of the North West Company and Hudson’s Bay Company; Chinese coins in the Pacific Northwest; and Indian Chief peace medals as they are recorded from various archaeological sites in Canada and the United States. The extensive bibliography includes a listing of many important documents. Continued in CNJ : Vol. 32, no. 1, p. 5 - 12

PURDON, CHRISTINE

Story of money. – J.A. Struthers, Editor. – Regina : Credit Union of Central Saskatchewan; Merit Printing, 1987. – 24 p., ill. – a general survey of money which includes a short selected bibliography and outlines the various roles and effects money has on our lives. Includes illustrations of Canadian material including: wampum and a silver ‘beaver’ pendant; French colonial card and metal currency; several pre-Confederation bank and merchant tokens; Hudson’s Bay Company 1837 ‘bons’; 1812 - 1814 Army Bills; and early decimal coins and government bank notes

LaMARRE, THOMAS S.

<<North West Company token>>. – Rare Coin Review : no. 69 (Summer 1988). – Wolfeboro, New Hampshire : Bowers and Merena, 1988. – p. 54 - 55, ill. – an authoritative, illustrated history of both the rare token and the short-lived fur-trading company which eventually merged with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821

STEWART, DONALD M.

<<Trading at Liard Post>>. – CNRS : Vol. 24 (1988). – p. 26 - an account of cardboard tokens used by the Hudson’s Bay Company at their Liard Post store, as referred to in a reprinted memorandum dated Oct. 1914 which was written by F. Palgrave. Includes a brief summary of the habits of the native Indian population who dealt with the trading post. It could be suggested that the Indians were not treated entirely fairly by the trading post that, in retrospect, appears to have been over-charging the Indians for their purchases. Although the tokens are listed by Gingras in his catalogue of Hudson’s Bay Company tokens, etc., Palgrave identifies two previously unrecorded denominations

ANONYMOUS

<<Royal Canadian Mint 1990 commemorative dollar>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 35, no. 4 (April 1990). – p. 158 - 159, ill. – details of the 1990 silver dollar designed by David J. Craig which was issued to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Henry Kelsey’s exploration of the Canadian prairies. Includes brief biographical notes on this 17th century Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company

BOWERS, Q. DAVID

Commemorative coins of the United States : a complete encyclopedia. – Wolfeboro, New Hampshire : Bowers and Merena Galleries, 1991. – 768 p., ill. – the most authoritative text yet published on U.S. commemorative coins issued from 1892 - 1991. Supersedes a similar text written in 1981 by Anthony Swiatek and Walter Breen. The text provides authoritative histories of each coin discussed as well as a detailed review of reported versus actual mintage/population figures. Also included are some extremely interesting guidelines to assist the collector of this fascinating series. The coins are listed chronologically making this a relatively simple text to use. One of the pieces listed is the 1925 Fort Vancouver (Washington) fifty cent coin depicting Dr. John McLoughlin. McLoughlin - a Canadian by birth - was a prominent figure with both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company. He also played an important role in the settlement and administration of the Oregon Territory in the 1820s

WILLEY, ROBERT C.

<<Canadian decimal coins and currencies : part XXV, British Columbia>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 36, no. 10 (Nov. 1991). – p. 398 - 399. – a continuation of the author’s superb article on Canadian and Maritime decimal coins. This section is primarily an economic history of the Pacific Northwest in general and British Columbia specifically. Includes comments concerning: issues of the Hudson’s Bay Company; a relief supply of British coinage delivered in 1861 by the ‘S.S. Tartar’; United States coins in circulation; and the 1862 British Columbia $10 and $20 pattern coins

ANONYMOUS

<<Notes by and about the artist of the Manitoba Canada 125 coin>>. – APNA : Vol. 28, no. 2 (March - April 1992). – p. 16, ill. on cover. – biographical notes on Muriel Hope, born in Carberry, Manitoba who chose to depict Lower Fort Garry as it was representative of the Red River Settlement and the Hudson’s Bay Company

FOURNIER, JEFF

<<Moose Factory 300th anniversary medallion>>. – CNRS : Vol. 30 (1994). – p. 7, ill. – a description of a medal issued in 1973 commemorating the 300th anniversary of this Hudson’s Bay Company fur-trading post on James Bay. This remote location can only be reached by a lengthy ride on the Polar Bear Express from Cochrane to Moosonee followed by a canoe ride to the outpost

STARDOM, ELEANOR

<<MacArthur, Duncan [1840 - 1907]>>. – DCB : Vol. 13 (1901 - 1910) [Edited by Ramsay Cook]. – Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1994. – p. 608 - 609. – a Hudson’s Bay Company employee and banker, Manager of the Winnipeg, Manitoba branch of the Merchants Bank of Canada (1873 - 1883) and first President of the Commercial Bank of Manitoba (1885 - 1893)

BIRD, RICHARD W.

<<Silver black fox>>. – APNA : Vol. 32, no. 4 (Oct. - Dec. 1996). – p. 9 - 10, ill. – a history of the fox farming industry in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick as an aspect of the economy of 1876 to c1916. The author uses the fur trade of the Hudson’s Bay Company as a backdrop and names Charles Dalton of Prince Edward Island and Robert Oulton of New Brunswick as the principal pioneers of this industry

HILL, LESLIE C.

<<Card money of the Cassiar Region of B.C. reviewed>>. – CNRS : Vol. 34 (1998). – p. 72 - 76, ill. – an extensive overview of the use of cardboard tokens as a medium of exchange from the mid-1880s until the mid-1920s. The author stipulates that these tokens were not only associated with the gold rush as cited above but also with the fur-trade as well. Four inter-connected companies are noted in this article for the use of such tokens: Callbreath, Grant and Cook; Callbreath, Cook and Co.; Callbreath, Simpson and Callbreath; and the Hudson’s Bay Company

INGRAM, GREGORY S.

<<Hudson’s Bay Company : the made beaver tokens>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 43, no. 8 (Oct. 1998). – p. 381 - 383, ill. – brief notes on the ‘Made Beaver’ tokens of the Hudson’s Bay Company which were introduced in the East Main District sometime prior to 1867 and later shipped to the Southern District for use there

REMICK, JEROME H.

<<1997 Fort Qu’Appelle (Sk) $2 token>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 43, no. 2 (March 1998). – p. 98, ill. – details of a trade token issued by Fort Qu’Appelle in 1997 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the construction of the oldest surviving original Hudson’s Bay Co. store which was erected during the company’s transition from a fur-trading operation to a merchandising firm. The token also commemorates the 25th anniversary of the Fort Qu’Appelle Royal Canadian Mounted Police Spring Ball

DOUGLASS, SUMMER

Dr. John McLoughlin : British-Canadian fort commander is known as the ‘Father of Oregon’. – CoinWorld : (Oct. 15, 2001). – p. 100, ill. – an important biography of Dr. John McLoughlin who is depicted on the 1925 Fort Vancouver (Washington) fifty cent commemorative coin. Contains important and interesting notes on McLoughlin’s association with both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company as well as the somewhat accidental role he played in the American colonization of the Oregon Territory. Despite one of the most successful careers in the fur-trade business, McLoughlin was eventually financially ruined and became equally despised by both the British and the Americans

GOSLING, DANIEL W.

<<Canada’s death dollar>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 49, no. 3 (April 2004). – p. 126 - 130, ill. – the author discusses the history behind the 1958 silver dollar which was issued to commemorated British Columbia’s 100th anniversary as a Crown Colony. This coin is often referred to as the ‘death dollar’ by superstitious people and the author explains the symbolism which appears on the totem pole depicted on the coin to explain this mythology. The author also discusses the influence that the Hudson’s Bay Company had on the territory as well as the affect of various treaties on the region’s settlement

stopped at Chapter 11 page 675
Auction Catalogues and Fixed-Price Lists

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Beaver Currency Tokens Hudson's Bay Co McLachlan Canadian Antiquarian V2 N1 Jan 1892.pdf

McLACHLAN, ROBERT WALLACE
<<“Beaver currency” tokens of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CA : 2nd Series, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1892). – p. 1 - 6, ill. – background and catalogue of the East Main ‘made beaver’ tokens which were issued c1857

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Hudson's Bay Research.pdf

pages -
McLACHLAN, ROBERT WALLACE
<<“Beaver currency” tokens of the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CA : 2nd Series, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan. 1892). – p. 1 - 6, ill. – background and catalogue of the East Main ‘made beaver’ tokens which were issued c1857

pages -
<<Hudson Bay "blankets">>. – Num : Vol. 37, no. 1 (Jan. 1924). – p. ?, ill. – an interesting article concerning the world-famous blankets manufactured by the Hudson’s Bay Company which held great worth with the Indians. It is not known whether these blankets actually traded among the Indians with an ‘implied’ intrinsic value

pages -
MacKAY, DOUGLAS
<<Tokens, coins and scrip; notes on Hudson’s Bay Company’s fur trading currency>>. – CBA : Vol. 44 (July 1937). – p. 401 – 407

pages -
<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Lady Kindersley medals>>. – The Canadian Numismatic Journal : Vol. 11, no. 11 (Nov. 1960). – p. 407 - 401, ill. – an excellent account of the medals issued to individuals involved in the rescue of the schooner ‘Lady Kindersley’ on August 10, 1924. Reprinted in CNRS : Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 56 - 60 and CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 205 - 208

pages -
THE ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE GOVERNOR AND COMPANY OF ADVENTURERS OF ENGLAND
TRADING INTO HUDSON'S BAY by larry Gingras, F.R.N.S., F.C.N.R.S.
<<Armorial bearings of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay>>. – CNRS : Vol. 1, no. 1 (Aug. 1965). – p. 29 - 31. – a brief history of the Hudson’s Bay Company with a particular emphasis on variations of the company’s Arms which are depicted on various medals which were issued by one of Canada’s most historic institutions. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 11, no. 8, (August 1966) p. 306 - 307, 324 and CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 198 - 200

pages
<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s East Main District tokens in presentation cases>>. – CNRS : Vol. 4, no. 2 (April 1968). – p. 35. – the author recounts how approximately 100 ‘½ Made Beaver’ tokens were presented in special cases to passengers aboard the inaugural flight of the Trans-Canada Air Lines’ ‘Hudson’s Bay Route’ which opened in 1958. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 13, no. 8, (August 1968) p. 289

pages
<<Proposed medal for the Hudson’s Bay Company>>. – CNRS : Vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 1967). – p. 11, ill. – an interesting account of the author’s meeting with Robert J. Orr, who manufactured the Patrick Ashley Cooper medal. The author discusses a medal design which was proposed to commemorate the historic meeting of two Hudson’s Bay Company vessels (the ‘Nascopi’ and the ‘Aklavik’) in the Bellot Straits on Sep. 1, 1937. The design is question was never used

pages -
THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S INDIAN CHIEF MEDALS by Larry Gingras, F. R. N. S. CNRS 1967 page 33 - 38
<<Hudson’s Bay Company’s Indian Chief peace medals>>. – CNRS : Vol. 3, no. 3 (July 1967). – p. 33 - 38, ill. – a superb history of medals distributed by the factors of the Hudson’s Bay Company to native Indian Chiefs in the late 18th and early 19th century to garner favour and extract exclusive trading rights in the expanding and highly-competitive fur trade. One genuine medal and three mules are discussed in detail. Reprinted in CNJ : Vol. 31, no. 5, p. 212 - 216

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The E-Sylum: Volume 7, Number 10, March 7, 2004, Article 26

GINGRAS HUDSON'S BAY BOOK

Jan Monroe writes: "I am not familiar with Darryl Atchison's requested articles on the Gold Hudson's Bay Company medals in Mehl's Numismatic Monthly. However, there are excellent references to some of these gold medals in the book "Medals, Tokens and Paper Money of the Hudson's Bay Company" by Larry Gingras. This book was published by the Canadian Numismatic Research Society in 1975. It is now hard to find and therefore expensive. Gold medals discussed include the 30 year 9k gold long service medals, Vancouver Pioneer Association Medals in 14K gold, and the Lady Kindersley rescue medal in 9k gold.

Darryl notes: "Yes, I am aware of the text by Gingras. I don't own a copy, because as Jan says it must have been printed in a fairly small number. I don't know if it is "expensive" ... just elusive. I have seen it in a couple of auctions but have not been the successful bidder YET."

Wayne Homren, Editor
http://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v07n10a26.html
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The E-Sylum: Volume 7, Number 23, June 6, 2004, Article 16

HUDSON'S BAY MADE BEAVER TOKENS

The particular numismatic item I had in mind for last week's QUICK QUIZ was the Hudson Bay Company's Made Beaver tokens. Jess Gaylor was the first to guess the answer. But there were several possible answers, as David Gladfelter points out: "Not sure what specific
numismatic item HBC is known for. The late Larry Gingras, fellow of the Royal Numismatic and Canadian Numismatic Research Societies, published a 117-page study, Medals, Tokens and Paper Money of the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1975, which lists a large variety of these items, almost all from the 19th and early 20th centuries."

From the Currency Museum of the Bank of Canada web site:

"In 1670 Charles II of Britain granted a charter to the "Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Tradeing [sic] into Hudson's Bay" giving the company absolute control over the territory drained by the rivers flowing into Hudson Bay. This charter marked the founding of the Hudson's Bay Company, a venture that was to figure importantly in the history of Canada and the fur trade.

Initially, trading posts were built in the Hudson Bay region, but by 1821 the powerful trading company had extended its interests all the way to the Pacific coast. Most of the furs traded at these posts were trapped by Aboriginals who bartered the pelts for goods at Company stores. In order to facilitate this exchange, the "made beaver" - the value of a prime beaver pelt-was established as the unit of account. When a trapper brought his furs to the trading post he would receive in return a pile of tokens valued in made beavers. He was then able to
select goods from the Company store until his supply of tokens was exhausted.

Before metal tokens came into use, locally produced tokens of ivory, stone, bone and wood were used at some Hudson's Bay Company posts. The brass token is the size of a Canadian 25-cent piece and is one of a set of four denominations valued at 1, 1/2 and 1/8 made beaver. These tokens, which were used in the East Main District east and south of Hudson Bay, do not bear a date but were struck sometime after 1857. The letters on the token have the following meanings: HB (Hudson Bay), EM (East Main), NB (made beaver) - the N is a die-cutter's error for M. This token is part of the National Currency Collection, Bank of Canada."
National Currency Collection

See also the Hudson's Bay company web site: Hudson's Bay

The web site describes the company's "amazing archives":"In London, England, during Hudson's Bay Company's 1928 Annual Meeting Governor Charles Sale announced the establishment of an Archives Department. He told the shareholders "We have, as you probably know, an immense collection of records relating to the earliest days of our history; to the wars and fighting; to the explorations by land and sea; to the customs and life of the Indians and Eskimo; to the struggle for the occupation of the Pacific Coast; to the peaceful retention of the Great West; and finally, to the general conduct of the Company and its affairs during the two centuries in which it was responsible for the government of the territory of Rupert's Land."

"The Hudson's Bay Company Archives were opened to students of history in May, 1931. The records were moved to Canada in 1974 and placed on long term loan with the Provincial Archives of Manitoba. The Provincial Archives would become the permanent home of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives on January 27, 1994 through donation."

Hudson's Bay Company Archives

Wayne Homren, Editor
http://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v07n23a16.html
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